![]() Also worth mentioning is that the Surfshark's infrastructure is 100% RAM-only servers, meaning, as opposed to the hard drives, any information stored would be automatically wiped off as soon as the server is turned off. That said, we’re still to see some confirmation of the no-logging claims. In an effort to prove it means business, Surfshark has invited the German Security firm Cure53 to perform a security audit of Surfshark’s browser extensions and, needless to say, the provider passed with flying colors. ![]() It’s upfront about the things it does collect as well, which includes certain aggregated and anonymous stats it needs to perform seamlessly, such as frequency of its use, crash reports, and other performance-related information. The no-logging policy is set in stone - the provider promises there will be no collecting of your incoming and outgoing IP addresses, VPN serves you used, session information, activity history (including downloads, browsing, and purchases), connection times, used bandwidth, or network traffic. There’s also an alternative protocol called Shadowsocks which helps bypass Internet blocks in places like China. In addition, the WireGuard protocol is available for all major platforms. Starting with the basics like the AES-256 encryption, secure protocols that include OpenVPN UDP/TCP and IKEv2, and a kill switch (blocking your entire Internet access when you’re not connected to a VPN), Surfshark increases your privacy with its own private DNS on every server, double VPN hop options (connecting to one VPN location, leaving the Surfshark network in another), and more. It offers good speeds and military-grade, AES 256-bit. If you’re not sure you’d like a long-term commitment with this provider, have no fear - Android, iOS, and Mac users are eligible for a 7-day free trial, while Windows users will have to rely on a still very acceptable 30-day money-back guarantee. Surfshark is a relatively new VPN with the potential to stand among the big boys of the industry. You can pay via credit cards, cryptocurrencies, PayPal, Google Pay, Amazon Pay, and even AliPay. Switch to the 2-year plan and the price drops dramatically, to only $2.49/month, which makes it one of the most inexpensive packages in the industry. However, the annual subscription will cost you $6.49/month (billed annually), which is certainly a solid discount. At $12.95, Surfshark’s monthly subscription certainly isn’t the cheapest out there.
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![]() We recommend starting with the first choice if we're new to Minecraft. If we choose Windows, we will be given the option of purchasing Minecraft: Java Edition or Minecraft: Windows 10 Edition. Step 4: Now, Mac and Linux users will be able to purchase Minecraft Java Edition. If we use Windows 10 on the PC, we need to choose the Windows option. Minecraft Java Edition is compatible with Windows, macOS, and Linux. Step 3: Here, we must select the Computer from the list of available devices. Step 2: Here, we must choose the "Get Minecraft" option. Step 1: Firstly, we are required to go to Minecraft to download the Minecraft Java Edition on PC and Laptop. Various steps may be used to do this, and the steps are as follows: Here, we are going to discuss how we may download the Minecraft Java Edition for PC and Laptop. Besides the Minecoin, the Master Collection contains some additional Skin packs. According to Microsoft, the Master Collection comes with 1000 Minecoins, whereas the Starter Collection comes with 700 Minecoins. The former costs Rs 1,674, whereas the Minecraft Java Edition Master Collection, costs Rs 2,724. This edition comes in two varieties: Starter Collection and Master Collection. The Minecraft Java Edition for PC and laptops is not accessible for free. How to download the Minecraft Java Edition on PC and laptop The paid version of the Minecraft game is available at Rs 1,474. Step 7: At the end, we are required to open the downloaded file to install the game. Step 6: Now, log in with the Microsoft ID to download the Minecraft trial version for the PC and laptop. Step 5: Here, we must go to select the Free Trial option. Step 4: When we click on the Window icon, the page switch to the "Minecraft for Windows 10" page on the Microsoft store. Now, click on the Window icon to go for the next process. Here, we will see the three options that are Windows, Android, and Sony PlayStation. Step 3: After searching Minecraft Free Trial, it shows the Minecraft page. Step 2: Now, we need to go to the search box and text the Minecraft Free Trial. ![]() Step 1: Firstly, we are required to go to the browser on the PC. Here, we are going to discuss how to get a free trial edition of Minecraft for Windows 10 on a PC or laptop. After that, we'll have to buy the game to continue playing. The free Minecraft for Windows 10 download is only available for the trial version, allowing a game time of 1 hour 40 minutes or 5 in-game days. How to get the Minecraft game for free on PC and laptops (Windows 10) Minecraft for Windows 10, also known as Bedrock Edition, is now available for Windows 10, iOS, and Android smartphones, and the PS4, Xbox One, and other consoles. The latter is more popular because it supports play on multiple platforms, including Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and the mod. There are two types of Minecraft games which is Minecraft for Windows 10 and Minecraft Java Edition. We also discuss how to get Minecraft for free on the laptop, PC, and Mobile phones. In this article, we are going to discuss how to get Minecraft for free. Nevertheless, it is one of the most successful video games globally, with sold more than 200 million copies and almost 125 million monthly active users. The original build of the game was released about 12 years ago, and its popularity has only risen since then. It allows the users to explore terrains and construct virtual worlds using blocks and other elements. It was created by the Swedish company Mojang and is now acquired by Microsoft. It is also available for Android, Windows, Mac, iPhone, and PlayStation. It's available for PCs, laptops, and mobile phones to download. ![]() Minecraft is one of the most popular games in the world. Next → ← prev How to get Minecraft for free ![]() The alarm clocks display also has 4 brightness, you can choose your favorite color and different screen brightness, to create better sleeping atmosphere for kids.Simple to Operate - Designed with 10 buttons on the back for separate different functions, simply press each button to have your personalized settings, you can set wake up /sleep time, lighting color, LCD display brightness, sounds effect, sound volume, Nap time etc. Find quality home decor products to add to. ![]() You can choose your favourite sounds at the right volume for a gentle wake up call. A vessel owner has been ordered to up its game after a raft of issues related to the monitoring and managing of alarms were uncovered on a North Sea ship. Arrives by Sat, Oct 22 Buy LED Digital Wall Clock 3D Desk Alarm Dimmer Modern Snooze 12/24 Hour Display USB Unique Square Alarm Clocks Plug in Clock with. Shop for 3D LED Display Digital Clock 12 24 Hour Nightlight Watch USB Alarm Clock Home Blue (1 unit) at Kroger. HoMedics SoundSpa Digital FM Clock Radio with Alarm and Time Projection. Snooze function provides extra 10 mins sleep time, when the alarm rings, press the snooze button on the top to quickly turn off the alarm, to get completely refreshed you before get up.Wake up clock with LED Night Lights - Wake up clock comes with 5 LED colors and 5 kinds of alarm wake-up music, 3 levels of volume can be adjusted. Kids Wake up Light Alarm Cloud Clock White - Capello. While 30 minutes before bed time, the "eyes" close along with a blue light on, and the LCD display will dim A yellow light goes on 30 minutes before wake up time with the "eyes" of this frog clock open and a sun icon appears on the display.Nap Timer & Snooze Function - 8 Nap timer settings available, press the "NAP" button to turn Nap Timer on and press "+"/"-" button to set nap time (10, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 minutes). So if you want a light source to last a long time, you use something that doesnt get hot. Access Point and station mode - automatic failsafe AP Up to 10 LED. Setting sleeping-wake up time first, then short press SLEEP/WAKE button to trigger sleep trainer mode. Control WS2812B and many more types of digital RGB LEDs with an ESP8266 or ESP32. Features intelligent temperature detection(/, default-), 12/24 hour time format(default 12H format), child safety lock, adjustable volume and LCD display brightness, this adorable sleep training alarm clock is most attractive to kids.Kids sleep trainer - Our digital alarm clock for kids used lighting colors and facial expressions to teach your kids when it's time to get up or sleep. ![]() No ratings yet: Check Price on Amazon: 4: Light Up Wall Clocks Starlight Ocean Glow in The Dark Modern Light Up Non-Ticking Luminous Clocks. Digital Alarm Clock with Cartoon Design - The Frog-shaped plus dynamic facial expressions, sun/moon icon, concise LCD display and colorful light decoration, the smiling face on the display will bring your child a good mood for the day. Digital Wall Clock,11.5' LED Digital Alarm Clock Large Display,with Remote Control,Adjustable. This paper gives a testing approach for vulnerabilityĮvaluation of Web applications to address the extent of security issues. Particularly with the security encompassing websites, Web applications, and WebĪdministrations such as APIs. The security of Web applications may be a centralĬomponent of any Web-based commerce. An attacker can misuse vulnerabil�ities in an application’s code. Source code or to pick up unauthorized access. Need for sanitization of input/output which is frequently utilized either to misuse The vulnerabilities of the Web applications are for the most part the outcome of a Required for securing websites and online services against distinctive security threats. Often overlooked within the creation of Web apps. The security of Web applications is one noteworthy component that is 4,894 correctly completed questionnaires were received. 5,000 people from Poland, Portugal and Germany participated in the study. The interview participants were employees of 10 randomly selected companies using social media to conduct sales or service activities. The authors proposed a methodology based on the Kano model and customer satisfaction in order to examine the declared needs and undefined desires and divide them into different groups with different impacts on consumer satisfaction. The results of empirical research show that the safety, simplicity and variety of services offered on social media have a significant impact on the perceived quality, which in turn positively affects the reputation. Data leaks or their sale are not welcomed by customers. ![]() Considering that the purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of social media on the company’s image, it should be remembered that this image also works for the security and privacy of customer data. Unfortunately, they still very rarely take into account the security and privacy of customers. Corporate social media has been created to support clients in using various services, give them the possibility of easy communication without time and local barriers. ![]() COVID-19, mobility, socio-social changes have transferred to the world of social media communication, purchasing activities, the use of services. ![]() If you found this tutorial useful, you may also want to know how to use File History and how to automatically back up the registry. How to use File History or Backup the Windows Registry When you next start the app, your backed up notes should appear. ![]() And if you create any notes, you will find the snt file under AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Sticky Notes. In your File Explorer top bar, paste %LocalAppData%\Local\Packages\Microsoft.MicrosoftStickyNotes_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState to enter your app data folder.ĭrag your Sticky Notes backup into the Sticky Notes location and click “Replace the file in the destination” to perform the Sticky Notes recovery. The executed file is under windir\system32\ and named StikyNot.exe. Go to your Sticky Notes folder location Close Sticky Notes Create a new folder named Legacy Under the Legacy folder, copy your existing StickyNotes.snt, and rename it to ThresholdNotes.snt Start.You can manually copy that SQLite database file for safekeeping to any other folder, drive, or cloud storage service to which you have access. snt file and place it in the above location. In Windows 10, Sticky Notes are stored in a single file located deep in the user folders. If you want to restore your sticky notes from earlier versions of windwos, just copy the. ![]() Windows 10 will surface another dialog to make sure you want to reset Sticky Notes. Sticky notes in Windows 10 are stored here: C:\Users\'Username'\Appdata\Roaming\Microsoft\Sticky Notes. In the left sidebar, click “Apps & features”, then find Sticky Notes in the main pane and click “Advanced options”. Press “Start”, then click the settings cog above the power button. There is a file there called StickyNotes.snt which contains all the sticky notes. We can color each sticky note differently. Go to C:UsersYourNameAppDataRoamingMicrosoftSticky Notes. Sticky notes can help us to remember common tasks of our daily routine, keep track of the small things, sync notes across devices, type or write, create Cortana reminders etc. In Task Manager, switch to the “Details” tab and press “M” until you find the service “”. The new version (3.1.32.0) of Sticky Notes is a major improvement over the previous version on Windows 10. Press “Start”, and type “Task Manager”, then click on the top result. If you’re okay with that, here’s how to do it: These days it’s a bit more fiddly to restore Sticky Notes, and you should know that doing so will replace any current notes you have on the PC. They are all just living their lives in front of a camera, some by choice, some oblivious to that fact,” he shares, noting that the surreal scenes aren’t intended to be altogether sinister. “If you look at the people in the paintings, none of them are doing anything particularly noteworthy or interesting. Sandwiching the devices between cafes and storefronts or subway stairs, Bartels explores the ubiquity of cameras and how they’re embedded into modern life. Oversized lenses, knobs, and levers echo the shapes of windows and doorways with branding imitating signs for shops and restaurants. Situated in urban settings with a distinctly retro flair, the works nestle vintage cameras among architecture and infrastructural elements. “I’m not sure it’s possible to walk down a city street these days and not be caught on a camera somewhere, either by choice or not even knowing about it.” This idea grounds Surveillance, a series of uncanny paintings in oil by Canadian artist Jeff Bartels. All images © Jeff Bartels, shared with permission “Surveillance Speed Graphic” (2021), oil on linen, 30 x 30 inches. To see more of Blu’s recent works, including a piece speaking to the current fossil fuel crisis, visit his site and Instagram. Yellow shipping containers morph into armored guards, who are swiftly pummeled and destroyed as nature resurges from the ground. Similar to some of his earlier projects, this piece is designed as a sequence that when photographed and stitched together, creates an animation. The 2022 festival centered around the government’s extension of the industrial area to the north, which would “mean, among many other things, the final lunging to the beaches of l’Albufera (and) the multiplication of air pollution of ships and truck traffic.” Part of a movement to halt the proposal, the public art event brought several muralists to the city, including Blu, whose multi-part work features a battle between fist-shaped trees and port defenders. One of his most recent projects brought him back to Sensemurs Valencia to paint a charged mural protesting the expansion of the port in the Spanish city. The legendary anonymous street artist known as Blu has spent his career critiquing the ills of capitalism, the carceral system, and the destruction of the environment, among myriad other problems afflicting the world today. You can find more work on Messam’s website and Instagram. ![]() For one, a bronze statue of William I, or Willem de Oranje, who founded the Netherlands as an independent nation, a tube of green spikes playfully encircles the monument, transforming the atmosphere of the main square it overlooks. Bright colors and striking forms that jut from colonnades, facades, and river banks prompt viewers to consider their relationships to the built environment.Īs part of BlowUp Art Den Haag, a three-week outdoor exhibition featuring large-scale, temporary, inflatable artworks throughout The Hague, the artist has unveiled new work marking two notable locations. Often inflated, his works reimagine or disrupt perceptions of our surroundings and impact how people move around and through them. U.K.-based artist Steve Messam is known for his artistic interventions in the landscape, reinterpreting historical monuments, buildings, or rural areas with bold, ephemeral installations. All images © Steve Messam, shared with permission Webmaster if you are the owner of copyrighted animation that is not credited and would like to receive credit and a link.“Spiked” (2021). Must check the copyright restrictions with the original author. If artist name appears next to the animation or on the animation then you Images created by Best Animations can not be edited, can not have the copyright mark removed, can only be used for sharing along with a link pointing to. Gifs can be shared on personal non commercial pages along with a link to. We like to hand select the best gifs found on the internets.The tiny gifs can be as old as 1999.īest Animations is a collection of animated gifs found on the web and original exclusive gifs made by us. We make a lot of gifs here, especially all the Holidays and Birthday card gifs. The best way to share is to Copy and Paste the link using the share tools. ![]() ![]() To Share out the gifs click on the gif and use the share tools. On mobile and touchscreens, press down on the gif for a couple of seconds and the save option will appear. On desktop right click the animation and select save. ![]() The actress previously admitted she had no idea how far she could push herself when it came to getting in shape for the superhero franchise. I'm extremely committed to that in my day-to-day life." "I have genuinely never needed to look at the internet to explain to me who I am. ![]() She said in 2019: "I don't have time for it, you know? The things that I have extra time to really look at are, like: Am I eating healthy food? Am I drinking water? Am I meditating? Have I called my mom today? ![]() The Oscar-winning actress has faced criticism from Marvel fans for varying reasons including not smiling in the trailer for 'Captain Marvel' and comments deemed sexist towards men after she previously called out the Marvel Cinematic Universe's lack of diversity and noting her press days "appeared to be overwhelmingly white male."īut Brie previously insisted she didn't care about the comments. She told the audience: "It was really nice to have a team. Does anyone want me to do it again?"īut the actress enjoyed working with co-stars Iman Vellani and Teyonah Parris in Nia DaCosta's sequel. The 32-year-old actress has faced a huge backlash ever since she was cast in the title role of the 2019 movie and while she reprises the character, who is also known as Carol Danvers, in upcoming 'The Marvels', she admitted she's not sure whether she'll be back for another project.Īppearing at the D23 Expo over the weekend to present a first look at the film, Brie was asked how long she will play Captain Marvel. Brie Larson doesn't know if "anyone wants" her to keep playing Captain Marvel. ![]() You can now view overlay text in the Comment list for quick review. For example, you can mark items with a transparent red overlay if desired. You can now set the appearance of the Redaction marks during review. Useful for cases where you need to identify individuals in part of a case without revealing personal identifying information. For example, you could mark part of a Social Security Number or Credit card number. Use this feature to mark part of a pattern for redaction. Multiple exemption codes may be listed as overlay text on a redaction mark Useful for redacting headers and footers from documentsĪdd case codes and privacy codes as overlay text to redaction marks.Ībility to apply multiple Exemption Codes In Acrobat X Pro, several new Redaction features were introduced: Previously I have also used 'Cute PDF' little bit buggy and good bit slower to print to but good for a free tool. Once out to PDF there is multiple tools that will redact for you, one that I know offers a decent redaction tool is Adobe Acrobat Pro. I currently use this method for any Discovery or GDPR request that I gather emails for. There should be a built-in option to Print to PDF via outlook 2016 (Possibly 2013 as well). Q2 - If not, does anyone have a recommendation for a tool that converts Outlook emails to Word or PDF in bulk, so I can redact the information in that format? I've seen a few ones but can't find anything official in the app store, or much in the way of reviews. I have not seen any way to bulk redact via outlook. Q1 - Is there a way to redact personal information from Outlook emails? Ideally a way that can apply rules in bulk and doesn't require each redaction to be made individually? If they want another lobster to know that they're happy or sad or angry or interested in a relationship, they say it with pee 33. Lobsters have bladders on either side of their heads, so they communicate by urinating at each other. Visit the dedicated forum to share, explore and Lobsters communicate with their bladders. If you have feedback for TechNet Subscriber Support, Click here to learn more. Please remember to mark the replies as answers if they helped. Thank you for your understanding and support. What’s more, if an idea is high voted there by other customers, Microsoft Product Team will take it into consideration when designing It is a place for customers to provide feedback about Outlook. to vote for a similar idea or post your own. If you have more concerns on this feature, it is encouraged to visit the Outlook user voice forum: However, we can save one message as an HTML file and then open that file in Word. As here we mainly focus on issues regarding Outlook desktop client, I’m not familiar with third-party tools. Microsoft doesn’t have official tools to convert emails to Word or PDF in bulk. >Q2 - If not, does anyone have a recommendation for a tool that converts Outlook emails to Word or PDF in bulk, so I can redact the information in that This will ensure you have two copies of the document, one with the original information and one with the information redacted.>Q1 - Is there a way to redact personal information from Outlook emails? Ideally a way that can apply rules in bulk and doesn't require each redactionĪs far as I know, Outlook doesn’t have an option or rule to modify email in bulk. Save this version of the document as the "Temp-redacted" version.You can do a find and replace search for every variation of her name or go through the document manually and replace them all with. You will need to redact all instances of her name. For example, you may list "Amy Hempel" as "A. You may need to do this manually if you use someone’s name in different ways throughout the document. Make sure you do this for all instances and all variations of the information.Make sure you delete the text underneath the black squares to ensure the black squares cannot be removed somehow to reveal the information. The black squares can be created by drawing long squares over the removed text areas and coloring them solid black. You can also place black squares or rectangles over information you want to redact.For example, instead of noting the personal information of a customer: "Amy Hempel, 1031 SW Park Ave", you may replace it with "" or simply "".This will ensure you redact all the necessary text in the document so it is hidden. You can do a find and replace search to find all the text that needs to be redacted. Start by replacing all the text you want redacted with the word. ![]() If you want to hide files from people that can access to your computers (either at home, work or at the thieves hideout), then don’t configure the mount drive to automatically remember the passwords. If you want to just hide your files from Dropbox, just use the defaults. If you’re an author and you last manuscript is encrypted, it won’t get published unless you’ve made provisions for your heirs to unlock it.Īnd it’s important how you configure BoxCryptor. If a husband encrypts all his financial records and then dies, his wife won’t be able to see them. If your documents are very important you might want to put your passwords and keys into your will. If you encrypt your life its very important how you handle the password and configuration key. If something happens to your machine and you want to recover your files from a backup to a new machine, you’ll need that configuration key file. When you encrypted a folder with BoxCryptor or TrueCrypt you’ll have to create a strong password that you must not forget, and you’ll be required to save a configuration key file that you should backup carefully. You have to decide if its worth the effort. Criminals encrypt files because they don’t want the police or FBI use them as evidence. Still other people encrypt files because they don’t want people at home or at the office to mess with their stuff. Other people encrypt their documents because they’re afraid their computers will be stolen and bad guys will steal their identity. Some people encrypt files because they worry that Cloud storage sites might peek at the good bits in their private files. If you’re paranoid about who can see your files you’ll need to think about encryption.Įncryption takes extra work, extra precautions and can be a very risky endeavor if you’re careless. Dropbox is a good way to do that, but Dropbox stores your files in the Cloud. It’s our responsibility to back up our digital life. We’re moving into an age where all our personal information is digital. Using encryption is not for the unfocused mind or scatterbrain user. Wow-wee – just thinking about all this makes me nervous. Delete it and access to your files are long gone too. Also, there’s a file listing in your BoxCryptor folder called. Unless you’re a master NSA hacker, you’ll have no chance of ever opening them again. If you forget your password, kiss those precious documents goodbye. It appears if you buy the full version ($44.99), it will encrypt the filenames too, if you want.Įncrypting your files can be dangerous. And evidently, with the free version, you’ll see the filenames unencrypted, they just won’t open. If you don’t mount the drive and browse to the BoxCryptor folder within Dropbox you’ll see your files, but they won’t open. After you install BoxCryptor you mount the drive and use this access point to see the files unencrypted. It works with Dropbox, SkyDrive and other cloud drive services, as well as regular drives. Save something to its drives and it’s automatically encrypted. BoxCryptor encrypts file by file, so the overhead for Dropbox is much lighter.īoxCryptor is free for personal use as long as you only create one virtual drive. Doing some Google research I discovered BoxCryptor. Dropbox sees TrueCrypt as a single file, so if you have a gigabyte of data locked down, that’s a lot for Dropbox to handle over the internet. It’s a scary subject because if you’re not careful you’ll lock all your critical files into an encrypted volume and you won’t be able to open it again.Īt first I thought I just set up a TrueCrypt volume inside of Dropbox, but I read there were some issues with that. We’re being forced to use TrueCrypt and BitLocker at work, so I was having to learn about this topic anyway. Before Windows times out and locks my machine, people could see my home files in Dropbox, so I felt it was the time to study encryption programs. However, I started thinking what would happen if someone came into my office when I just had stepped out. Normally Dropbox encrypts your files for transfer over the net and at their storage site, and I’ve considered that good enough security. So I’m being forced to encrypt my own documents. We’re not allowed to store sensitive data on our local drives, and my own files will set off their security scanner. Because my Dropbox files are replicated to all my machines at home and work this has caused a security problem at work. I set up Dropbox to use as my primary drive for all my digital document filing. In my never ending quest to get organized, I’ve been forced to explore the world of encryption. ![]() The colonialists also made treaties of their own that included giving up some territories for others, and in 1896, Burkina Faso became a French Protectorate. ![]() They formed alliances and signed treaties with some local communities while fighting others. In the early 1890s, German, French, and British colonists made several attempts to claim present-day Burkina Faso in what was known as the Scramble for Africa. The name Burkina Faso means "the home of upright men." Colonization of West Africa BBC.The Republic of Upper Volta was a country that existed in West Africa from December 11, 1958, to August 4, 1984, when it was renamed to Burkina Faso by Thomas Sankara after seizing power through a coup d'état on August 4, 1983. ^ "Burkina Faso general takes over as Compaore resigns".^ "Burkina Faso (Upper Volta): Independence to the Present", Encyclopedia of African History.United States: International Business Publications. ^ Burkina Faso Foreign Policy and Government Guide. ![]() Retrieved 8 January 2021 – via National Library of Australia. ^ "Upper Volta Coup leader not identified".^ Manson, Katrina Knight, James (2012).^ a b c Rupley, Lawrence Bangali, Lamissa Diamitani, Boureima (2013).Encyclopedia of Conflicts since World War II. ^ Rupley, Lawrence Bangali, Lamissa Diamitani, Boureima (2013).Sankara would himself be overthrown in 1987 by his old friend Compaoré, who remained in power until the 2014 Burkinabé uprising. This began the "Burkinabé Revolution", a process in which Sankara and his new junta attempted to radically transform Upper Volta – soon renamed "Burkina Faso" – according to left-wing revolutionary principles. On 4 August 1983 he was finally deposed in a coup organized by Compaoré, which freed Sankara and made him President. He survived a 28 February 1983 coup attempt, but after arresting his newly appointed Prime Minister Thomas Sankara – and several other members of the Communist Officers' Group – he was hit by a surge in protests, followed by a military uprising led by Blaise Compaoré. President Ouédraogo's leadership wouldn't continue for long. The Council of Popular Salvation made several moves over the next few weeks, firing old high-ranking Lamizana-era military officials and legalizing the major trade unions. Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo was named head of state by the new junta. Two days after the coup, the little-known army physician Major Dr. Zerbo was declared a lying demagogue who had betrayed the confidence of his people. In the capital Ouagadougou, the army chief of staff Colonel Gabriel Yoryan Somé and other officers calling themselves the Council of Popular Salvation moved to depose and arrest Zerbo. ![]() Among them were the "Communist Officers' Group", a clandestine movement formed by Sankara, Compaoré, Zongo and Jean-Baptiste Boukary Lingani. On 7 November 1982, the progressive and radical factions within the military regime had had enough with Saye Zerbo. Īnti-Zerbo protests grew increasingly frequent, with anti-government strikes taking place in April, the trade unions demanding a return to constitutional government in May, and several prominent union and opposition leaders arrested in September. Factional infighting soon grew within the junta, and on 12 April 1982 Thomas Sankara (secretary of state for information), Blaise Compaoré and Henri Zongo resigned from the Military Committee of Recovery for National Progress. He re-banned all political parties, and once more made labour strikes illegal. Establishing a junta with many radical members, the Military Committee of Recovery for National Progress (which included later presidents Thomas Sankara and Blaise Compaoré, and their close friend Henri Zongo), Zerbo's leadership grew increasingly dictatorial. Initially favoured by the trade unions and much of the political opposition, he soon made them his enemies. Īfter overthrowing Lamizana, Colonel Saye Zerbo re-established the full-on military rule ended by Lamizana with the 1978 presidential and parliamentary elections. In 1966, the single-party dictatorship of President Maurice Yaméogo had been ended by strong opposition from the powerful trade unions and the 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état, and his military successor President Sangoulé Lamizana was overthrown in the 1980 Upper Voltan coup d'état after a long period of labour unrest, famine and economic problems. Upper Volta, formerly a colony of France, had gone through several coups since independence in 1960. |
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